作者：牛月阳 翻译，转自：陌上美国，文章内容并不代表本网立场和观点。
【陌上美国 编者按】2019年3月15日，特朗普总统行使了他就职以来的第一次否决权，否决了国会两院旨在终止他在南部边境宣布紧急状态的联合决议案。按照宪法，国会通过的法案要经总统签署后才能生效（如果总统在十天内不签字也不否决，则法案自动生效）。如果总统否决，则国会必须有三分之二的多数才能推翻总统的否决。根据目前的态势，国会两院都无法达到推翻特朗普否决的三分之二多数。因此，民主党人下一步将很有可能通过诉讼的渠道，以求达成紧急状态非法的判决。至于能否成功，让我们拭目以待。为使读者全面了解，本公号特将特朗普总统致众议院信件全文翻译刊出。
致众议院：
兹退回国会两院联合决议案H.J. Res. 46，不予核准。该议案旨在终止本人基于南部边境的危机，根据国内紧急状态法于2月15日宣布的南部边境处于紧急状态的9844号公告。
正如美国海关与边境保护局（CBP）最近发布的统计数据所表明、并且在国土安全部长于2019年3月6日向国会国土安全委员会提交的证词中所解释的，我们漏洞百出的南部边界象磁石一样，日复一日地吸引着移民和罪犯，并造成了边境安全和人道主义危机，危及每一个美国人。
仅上个月，美国海关和边境保护局就逮捕了超过76,000名不正当地试图沿着南部边境进入美国的外国人——这是过去5年来最大的月度总数。
在2018财政年度，CBP在我们的南部边境缉获了超过820,000磅的毒品，包括24,000磅可卡因，64,000磅甲基苯丙胺，5,000磅海洛因和1,800磅芬太尼。
在2017和2018财政年度，全国移民官员逮捕了266,000名以前被控犯罪或被判有罪的外国人。这些罪行包括大约10万次袭击，3万起性犯罪和4,000起杀人事件。
换句话说，越过我们边境的外国人已经致伤或杀害了数千人，而流经边境的毒品已经使数十万美国人丧命。
目前的情况要求处于一线的边防执法人员大大增加其人道主义工作。在前往美国的危险旅程中，三分之一的移民妇女遭受性虐待，10名移民中有7人是暴力受害者。每天有50名移民被转介接受紧急医疗护理，CBP每年救助4,300名有危险和痛苦的人。
为解决这一人道主义灾难，我们必须动用现有的执法资源，这使得执行我们国家移民法和保护边界的任务更加困难，并使边境安全人员面临更大的风险。
尽管这些统计数据如此令人不安，它们只揭示了现实的一部分。南部边境的局势，由于抵达人员和方式的不同而正在迅速恶化。
多年来，大多数非法抵达的人员都是来自墨西哥的单身成年人。根据我们现行的法律，我们可以拘留并迅速驱逐这些人中的绝大多数。然而，近来非法移民组织成大篷车，其中包括来自中美洲国家的大量家庭和无人陪伴的儿童。
以去年为例，非法越过边境的家庭数量创历史纪录。如果目前的趋势继续下去，2019财年度越境家庭的数量将大大超过去年的创纪录的总数。犯罪组织利用这些家庭和孤身未成年人的流动进行危险的非法活动，包括人口贩运，毒品走私和野蛮杀戮。
根据现行法律、法院判决和资源限制，政府不能大量拘留中美洲国家的家庭或无证外国儿童，也不能迅速将其驱逐出境。相反，政府被迫将其中许多人释放到美国内地，等待冗长的司法程序。虽然他们当中的很多人将无法获得合法居留的权利，但这并不妨碍他们非法居留在美国。
当前的边境形势，表明这是千真万确的国家紧急状态，我们需要武装部队的帮助来应对这样的局面。
我作为总统的最高义务是保护国家及其人民。边境的危机正在日益加深，未来几个月，企图入境的人流将达到高峰，这将使边境执法人员和有限资源不堪重负，难以为继。
H.J. Res 46忽略了这些现实。这是一项危险的决议，会破坏美国的主权并威胁无数美国人的生命和安全。因此，我有责任将其退回众议院，不予核准。
唐纳德 J. 特朗普
DONALD J. TRUMP
白宫，
2019年3月15日
（注：按现行法律，来自墨西哥和加拿大的单身成人非法越境者自动符合”加速遣返”的条件，可以被迅速驱逐。）
President Donald Trump issued his first veto of his administration Friday. Below is the text of the message he sent to Congress:
To the House of Representatives:
I am returning herewith without my approval H.J. Res. 46, a joint resolution that would terminate the national emergency I declared regarding the crisis on our southern border in Proclamation 9844 on February 15, 2019, pursuant to the National Emergencies Act.
As demonstrated by recent statistics published by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and explained in testimony given by the Secretary of Homeland Security on March 6, 2019, before the House Committee on Homeland Security, our porous southern border continues to be a magnet for lawless migration and criminals and has created a border security and humanitarian crisis that endangers every American. Last month alone, CBP apprehended more than 76,000 aliens improperly attempting to enter the United States along the southern border — the largest monthly total in the last 5 years. In fiscal year 2018, CBP seized more than 820,000 pounds of drugs at our southern border, including 24,000 pounds of cocaine, 64,000 pounds of methamphetamine, 5,000 pounds of heroin, and 1,800 pounds of fentanyl. In fiscal years 2017 and 2018, immigration officers nationwide made 266,000 arrests of aliens previously charged with or convicted of crimes. These crimes included approximately 100,000 assaults, 30,000 sex crimes, and 4,000 killings. In other words, aliens coming across our border have injured or killed thousands of people, while drugs flowing through the border have killed hundreds of thousands of Americans.
The current situation requires our frontline border enforcement personnel to vastly increase their humanitarian efforts. Along their dangerous trek to the United States, 1 in 3 migrant women experiences sexual abuse, and 7 in 10 migrants are victims of violence. Fifty migrants per day are referred for emergency medical care, and CBP rescues 4,300 people per year who are in danger and distress. The efforts to address this humanitarian catastrophe draw resources away from enforcing our Nation’s immigration laws and protecting the border, and place border security personnel at increased risk.
As troubling as these statistics are, they reveal only part of the reality. The situation at the southern border is rapidly deteriorating because of who is arriving and how they are arriving. For many years, the majority of individuals who arrived illegally were single adults from Mexico. Under our existing laws, we could detain and quickly remove most of these aliens. More recently, however, illegal migrants have organized into caravans that include large numbers of families and unaccompanied children from Central American countries. Last year, for example, a record number of families crossed the border illegally. If the current trend holds, the number of families crossing in fiscal year 2019 will greatly surpass last year’s record total. Criminal organizations are taking advantage of these large flows of families and unaccompanied minors to conduct dangerous illegal activity, including human trafficking, drug smuggling, and brutal killings.
Under current laws, court decisions, and resource constraints, the Government cannot detain families or undocumented alien children from Central American countries in significant numbers or quickly deport them. Instead, the Government is forced to release many of them into the interior of the United States, pending lengthy judicial proceedings. Although many fail ever to establish any legal right to remain in this country, they stay nonetheless.
This situation on our border cannot be described as anything other than a national emergency, and our Armed Forces are needed to help confront it.
My highest obligation as President is to protect the Nation and its people. Every day, the crisis on our border is deepening, and with new surges of migrants expected in the coming months, we are straining our border enforcement personnel and resources to the breaking point.
H.J. Res. 46 ignores these realities. It is a dangerous resolution that would undermine United States sovereignty and threaten the lives and safety of countless Americans. It is, therefore, my duty to return it to the House of Representatives without my approval.
DONALD J. TRUMP
THE WHITE HOUSE,
March 15, 2019.
参考：
https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/15/politics/read-official-veto-message-to-congress/index.html
via 特朗普总统就首次动用否决权致众议院信（全文）
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